Subversion is a free/open-source version control system.
A tree of files is placed into a central repository.
The repository is much like an ordinary file server, except that it remembers every change ever made to your files and directories.
This allows you to recover older versions of your code, or examine the history of how your code was changed.
SVN client program which manages local reflections of portions of that versioned data which is called as working copy.
SVN Checkout – Create working copy
Checkout command is used to download sources from SVN repository to working copy.
SVN checkout creates the working copy, from where you can do edit, delete, or add contents. You can checkout a file, directory, trunk or whole project.
$ svn checkout/co URL PATH
When you do a checkout, it creates hidden directory named .svn, which will have the repository details.
SVN Commit – Save changes to the repository
Whenever you do changes to the working copy, it will not reflect in SVN server. To make the changes permanent, you need to do SVN commit.
$ svn commit -m "log messages"
SVN List – Lists directory entries
svn list is useful when you want to view the content of the SVN repository, without downloading a working copy.
lists all the files available in the given URL in the repository.
$ svn list url
When you execute svn list command with –verbose option it displays the following information.
Revision number of the last commit
Author of the last commit
Size (in bytes)
Date and time of the last commit
$ svn list --verbose https://www.ctechz.com/svn/project/trunk
16 ctechz 28361 Apr 16 21:11 README.txt
21 ctechz 0 Apr 18 12:22 INSTALL
22 ctechz Apr 18 10:17 src/
SVN Add – Add a new file to SVN repository
When you want to add a new file (or directory) to the repository you need to use SVN add command.
The repository will have newly added file, only when you do SVN commit. Now let us add a new file called “ctechz” to our repository.
* Create a file in local working copy
touch ctechz
* Add the file into SVN repository
svn add filename will add the files into SVN repository. From working copy
$ svn add ctechz
A ctechz
* Commit the added file
Until you commit, the added file will not be available in the repository.
$ svn commit -m "Adding file ctechz" projectURL
------- if from working dir it will upload automatically
Adding ctechz
Transmitting file data .
Committed revision 84.
SVN Delete – Removing a file from repository
SVN delete command deletes an item from the working copy (or repository). File will be deleted from the repository when you do a SVN commit.
$ svn delete URL
$ svn delete ctechz -- it will remove the recently created file
$ svn commit -m "Deleting ctechz file" ctechz
Deleting ctechz
Committed revision 85.
SVN Diff – Display the difference
SVN diff displays the differences between your working copy and the copy in the SVN repository. You can find the difference between two revisions and two paths etc.
$ svn diff filename
$ svn -r R1:R2 diff filename
The above example compares the filename@R1 and filename@R2.
Now the content of the file ctechz will be,
# cat ctechz
testing
now edited the content of ctechz file from testing to tester, which is shown below using the svn diff command.
$ svn diff ctechz
Index: ctechz
--------------------------------
--- ctechz (revision 85)
+++ ctechz (working copy)
@@ -1 +1 @@
-testing
+tester
SVN Status – Status of the working copy
Use svn status command to get the status of the file in the working copy.
It displays whether the working copy is modified, or its been added/deleted, or file is not under revision control, etc.
$ svn status PATH
The following example shows the status of local working copy,
$ svn status /home/ctechz/cfg
M /home/ctechz/cfg/ftp_user.cfg
M /home/ctechz/cfg/ctechz
‘M’ represents that the item has been modified. Check for “svn help status” for more options.
SVN Log – Display log message
SVN remembers every change made to your files and directories. To know all the commits made in a file or directory, use SVN log command.
$ svn log PATH
$ svn log ctechz(or project path)
SVN Move – Rename file or directory
This command moves a file from one directory to another or renames a file.
$ svn move src dest
The file will be moved on your local working copy immediately (as well as on the repository after committing).
$ svn move ctechz new-ctechz
Now the file is renamed only in the working copy, not in the repository. To make the changes permanent, you need to commit the changes.
$ svn commit -m "Renaming ctechz to new-ctechz" new-ctechz
SVN Update – Update the working copy
svn update command brings changes from the repository into your working copy. If no revision is specified, it brings your working copy up-to-date with the HEAD revision. Otherwise, it synchronizes the working copy to the revision given in the argument.
Always before you start working in your working copy, update your working copy. So that all the changes available in repository will be available in your working copy. i.e latest changes.
$ svn update PATH
In case some other user added/deleted file in Repository, your working copy will not have those files by default, until you update your working copy.
$ svn update
A new/user2
A new/web1
Updated to revision 816
A tree of files is placed into a central repository.
The repository is much like an ordinary file server, except that it remembers every change ever made to your files and directories.
This allows you to recover older versions of your code, or examine the history of how your code was changed.
SVN client program which manages local reflections of portions of that versioned data which is called as working copy.
SVN Checkout – Create working copy
Checkout command is used to download sources from SVN repository to working copy.
SVN checkout creates the working copy, from where you can do edit, delete, or add contents. You can checkout a file, directory, trunk or whole project.
$ svn checkout/co URL PATH
When you do a checkout, it creates hidden directory named .svn, which will have the repository details.
SVN Commit – Save changes to the repository
Whenever you do changes to the working copy, it will not reflect in SVN server. To make the changes permanent, you need to do SVN commit.
$ svn commit -m "log messages"
SVN List – Lists directory entries
svn list is useful when you want to view the content of the SVN repository, without downloading a working copy.
lists all the files available in the given URL in the repository.
$ svn list url
When you execute svn list command with –verbose option it displays the following information.
Revision number of the last commit
Author of the last commit
Size (in bytes)
Date and time of the last commit
$ svn list --verbose https://www.ctechz.com/svn/project/trunk
16 ctechz 28361 Apr 16 21:11 README.txt
21 ctechz 0 Apr 18 12:22 INSTALL
22 ctechz Apr 18 10:17 src/
SVN Add – Add a new file to SVN repository
When you want to add a new file (or directory) to the repository you need to use SVN add command.
The repository will have newly added file, only when you do SVN commit. Now let us add a new file called “ctechz” to our repository.
* Create a file in local working copy
touch ctechz
* Add the file into SVN repository
svn add filename will add the files into SVN repository. From working copy
$ svn add ctechz
A ctechz
* Commit the added file
Until you commit, the added file will not be available in the repository.
$ svn commit -m "Adding file ctechz" projectURL
------- if from working dir it will upload automatically
Adding ctechz
Transmitting file data .
Committed revision 84.
SVN Delete – Removing a file from repository
SVN delete command deletes an item from the working copy (or repository). File will be deleted from the repository when you do a SVN commit.
$ svn delete URL
$ svn delete ctechz -- it will remove the recently created file
$ svn commit -m "Deleting ctechz file" ctechz
Deleting ctechz
Committed revision 85.
SVN Diff – Display the difference
SVN diff displays the differences between your working copy and the copy in the SVN repository. You can find the difference between two revisions and two paths etc.
$ svn diff filename
$ svn -r R1:R2 diff filename
The above example compares the filename@R1 and filename@R2.
Now the content of the file ctechz will be,
# cat ctechz
testing
now edited the content of ctechz file from testing to tester, which is shown below using the svn diff command.
$ svn diff ctechz
Index: ctechz
--------------------------------
--- ctechz (revision 85)
+++ ctechz (working copy)
@@ -1 +1 @@
-testing
+tester
SVN Status – Status of the working copy
Use svn status command to get the status of the file in the working copy.
It displays whether the working copy is modified, or its been added/deleted, or file is not under revision control, etc.
$ svn status PATH
The following example shows the status of local working copy,
$ svn status /home/ctechz/cfg
M /home/ctechz/cfg/ftp_user.cfg
M /home/ctechz/cfg/ctechz
‘M’ represents that the item has been modified. Check for “svn help status” for more options.
SVN Log – Display log message
SVN remembers every change made to your files and directories. To know all the commits made in a file or directory, use SVN log command.
$ svn log PATH
$ svn log ctechz(or project path)
SVN Move – Rename file or directory
This command moves a file from one directory to another or renames a file.
$ svn move src dest
The file will be moved on your local working copy immediately (as well as on the repository after committing).
$ svn move ctechz new-ctechz
Now the file is renamed only in the working copy, not in the repository. To make the changes permanent, you need to commit the changes.
$ svn commit -m "Renaming ctechz to new-ctechz" new-ctechz
SVN Update – Update the working copy
svn update command brings changes from the repository into your working copy. If no revision is specified, it brings your working copy up-to-date with the HEAD revision. Otherwise, it synchronizes the working copy to the revision given in the argument.
Always before you start working in your working copy, update your working copy. So that all the changes available in repository will be available in your working copy. i.e latest changes.
$ svn update PATH
In case some other user added/deleted file in Repository, your working copy will not have those files by default, until you update your working copy.
$ svn update
A new/user2
A new/web1
Updated to revision 816
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